With the development of urbanization and the improvement of people's living standards, the investment in urban landscape construction is increasing. Efficient management and scientific maintenance are the key links to consolidate and improve the achievements of landscape construction.

Landscape maintenance can be divided into 18 items: irrigation, fertilization, pest control, pruning, weeding, replanting, cultivation, cleaning, support, waterlogging, cold, wind, salt, planting adjustment, facility maintenance, inspection, filing, training, etc. Next, it mainly describes the contents and methods of irrigation, fertilization, pest control, pruning, weeding, upgrading and transformation.

Apply fertilizer

The content of various nutrients in the soil is limited, and the nutrients that can be provided to plants are also limited. For a long time, no matter how fertile the soil is, it can't afford the demand of the plants that depend on it to grow for nutrients. It can only rely on human to supplement the lost parts, so that the soil can maintain productivity for a long time. Therefore, it is necessary to rely on the artificial fertilization to supplement nutrients to meet the needs of plants. The fully mature organic fertilizer is used for soil fertilization, and the organic-inorganic chelate can be used for external fertilization.

The requirement of fertilization amount. A small number of times, do not change the nutrient structure and physical structure of the soil, and need to meet the needs of plant growth nutrients.

Number of fertilizations. According to different plants, growth conditions and seasons. The base fertilizer shall be applied at least once a year, the top dressing at least twice a year, and the fertilization shall be uniform. Fertilization should be combined with loosening soil and watering.

Irrigation and drainage

Irrigation. Water is the basic component of plants, and the water content of general plants is 70% - 90%. When the soil water content is less than 7%, the above ground and underground parts of plants can not grow, and even cause water loss and death. The amount of watering should be adjusted according to the growth of plants and climatic conditions. Summer is the period when plant transpiration A is vigorous. The frequency and amount of watering a are large, so it is necessary to avoid withering shoots, and to avoid watering at noon when the temperature a is high, so as to prevent the death of plants caused by excessive temperature difference. In winter, the frequency and amount of water can be reduced properly, and it is not suitable to water in the morning and evening when the temperature is a low, so as to avoid frost damage.

Drainage. In the design, drainage should be taken into consideration, and the topography or drainage ditch should be used for drainage to prevent the ponding of green land from affecting the growth of plant roots. If the original drainage system can not meet the drainage requirements in case of sudden situations such as heavy precipitation or water pipe rupture, the number of drainage ditches shall be increased or machines such as water pumps shall be used for drainage. Drainage must be done in a timely manner. Plants in the water are prone to disease or even death.

Pest control

Pest control should follow the principle of "prevention first, combination of prevention and control". It can be divided into chemical control with fungicide or insecticide, physical control with light or ray, biological control with natural enemy as the main. The following are common chemical control methods:

Spray method. The spray is mainly carried out on sunny days outside. It is easy to operate and effective, but it has some disadvantages, such as low efficiency, high labor intensity, easy loss and waste of liquid medicine, more water consumption, pollution of soil and environment, etc.

Tree injection. According to the principle of infusion to human body, the agent is injected directly into the tree body. In particular, it has a good control effect on the dry moth pests which are difficult to be controlled by conventional methods.

Trimming and shaping

The purpose of pruning and reshaping, AA, is to ensure the survival of plants; the second is to achieve a certain landscape effect or artistic effect; the third is to avoid the pollution of some organs of plants to the environment or the destruction of artistic conception and remove them.

Pruning should play a role in regulating the growth of plants and promoting the flourish of plants. After pruning, the trees in the green space should be straight and straight, and the top buds of the main axis should be kept as much as possible. Those that are not conducive to the above purposes, such as competitive branches, should be removed decisively to avoid becoming a hidden danger. For example, for the tall trees with large crown and small leaves, if the windbreak branches are not sawed off, it is easy to cause the main branches or trunk to break in the heavy rain, and even the whole plant will be uprooted.

The pruning time varies according to the species. Deciduous trees are pruned in the dormancy period, evergreen trees are pruned in the growth gap period, and shrubs are pruned in time according to the landscape shape required by the design. The pruning times are not the more, the better. Trees should not be less than 1 time / year, modeling shrubs should not be less than 4 times / year, shrubs should not be less than 3-4 times / year.

Loosening soil and weeding

Loose soil increases the permeability and permeability of surface soil. The soil shall be loosened with a nail rake or a narrow hoe, and the lawn shall be loosened with a hole punch no less than twice a year, which has a good effect on water conservation and heat preservation.

Weeding is the removal of plants other than what people need. Weeds will consume a lot of water and nutrients in the soil, and compete with garden plants for living space. We should adhere to the principle of "removing early, removing small and removing". There should be no weeds in the green space at any time to ensure the purity of the lawn. Weeding should be carried out as far as possible. If necessary, chemical weeding can also be used when mastering and understanding the pharmacology of chemical herbicides correctly, which is a simple and quick method, but it is necessary to use professional herbicides.

Upgrading

The improvement and transformation of landscape greening include replanting, planting adjustment, etc. Due to the improper selection of plant species in the early design and construction, the incongruous landscape setting, and the failure to fully consider the later use and management needs, the function is not perfect in the use stage, and the plant growth is limited, so the greening needs to be improved. The upgrading and transformation work is mainly to replant and replant the sparse, loess exposed area and dead seedlings; to recover the seedlings with weak growth; to exchange or transplant the seedlings with unreasonable planting density and planting area to provide better growth space; at the same time, it also includes the overall upgrading and transformation of some areas.

Landscape maintenance industry often says "three kinds, seven kinds". With the public's increasingly urgent pursuit of a better environment in the city, the requirements for landscaping are becoming higher and higher, and the importance of improving maintenance technology is self-evident. Fine maintenance management will become the development trend of landscape maintenance industry.